In The Spotlight
MBZUAI is exploring various ways in which hardware-software co-design can reduce the energy consumption of artificial intelligence.
AI has huge potential to reduce waste and enhance efficiency across many sectors, including power and water distribution. While these topics are under the spotlight at the World Future Energy Summit, they are likely to be partly overshadowed by concerns about the enormous energy demands of AI systems.
But as well as consuming energy, AI-driven solutions could hold the key to resolving one of the most fundamental questions of our age – how can we keep developing and utilising powerful AI models while still moving towards carbon-free, sustainable economies?
Research currently being undertaken at Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence (MBZUAI) takes a multi-pronged approach toward this challenge.
Hardware specialisation
One area of focus is Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) and Tensor Processing Units (TPUs). Traditional computing architectures such as CPUs are not always the most efficient for AI tasks, so GPUs and TPUs have emerged as specialised tools designed specifically for the parallel processing requirements of AI. These architectures are the building blocks of AI, with tens of thousands at work in data centres right now, and many more required for the new generation of data centres currently in development. To continue fueling the AI revolution, all these devices must conserve and limit energy usage, increasing processor performance with the minimal number of Joules possible.
Hardware specialisation holds the key. By manufacturing specialised AI hardware pipelines such as in GPUs or TPUs to be energy efficient, it will be possible to increase the energy efficiency of data centres at scale, even as they manage an ever-growing volume and complexity of calculations. The aim is to develop individual components in a co-designed way, so that energy consumption is reduced at the hardware level without impacting software performance.
Reliability and sustainability
As transistors continue to scale and become smaller, an important consideration is to ensure their reliability in the face of errors. Errors in hardware have been a thorn in the side of large-scale data centre companies such as Google and Meta . Yet building reliable processors can not only address energy efficiency but can further help build a sustainable future. The longer a manufactured processor can be utilised in a data centre (i.e., because of its reliability), the lower its carbon footprint due to the huge upfront cost of building these processors.
Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) offer another alternative, allowing for customisable hardware solutions tailored to specific AI tasks. By enabling developers to optimise circuits for applications, FPGAs can significantly reduce energy consumption while maintaining high performance.
Reducing waste
In parallel, MBZUAI is looking at ways to reduce waste and deploy resources more efficiently in the upper layers, building sustainability in the development and application of AI models. System software used for large language models, both training (to build the models) and inference (to use them), needs to work closely with the hardware design to achieve better energy efficiency.
Two lines in the current systems research done by MBZUAI researchers to this end strive toward AI sustainability. One is to improve the distributed model training through aggressive overlapping operators using heterogeneous resources within a GPU server, such as compute-intensive matrix multiplication ones with network-intensive communication ones. This way, we improve both overall performance and resource utilisation.
The other is to reduce the amount of computation in inference. Potential solutions in this direction examine efficient and scalable deployment of smaller, specialised models, as well as caching for model inference, where responses (or intermediate inference results leading to them) can be cached and reused in processing similar prompts.
This piece was authored by Xiaosong Ma, acting department chair and professor of computer science at MBZUAI, and Abdulrahman Mahmoud, assistant professor of computer science at MBZUAI. It has been edited for brevity.
The Sabah Al Ahmad Sea City project in Kuwait's Al Khiran region is an engineering marvel. Unlike typical artificial developments in the Gulf that rely on land reclamation, this ambitious endeavour carved approximately 300 km of canals directly into the desert and filled them with seawater.
With a projected construction timeline of 46 years divided into ten phases, the project aims to create a city for 250,000 residents. Upon completion, it will include a comprehensive infrastructure network, utilities, and luxury buildings.
A major challenge for such a project is constructing stable structures on desert sand. Dynamic soil compaction has proven to be an effective solution for stabilising loose, non-cohesive desert soils. This method increases soil density and reduces the risk of liquefaction during earthquakes, making it ideal for desert conditions, according to Steffen Fuchsa, head of duty-cycle crane division at BAUER Maschinen GmbH.
How it works
Dynamic compaction involves dropping 25-tonne steel plates, called pounders, from a duty-cycle crane to compact the soil. These plates are hoisted into the air and dropped in controlled free-fall up to 15 times, creating craters and compacting deeper soil layers through kinetic energy. The process is fully automated, with operators inputting target parameters like compaction levels and impact counts into the crane’s intelligent control system.
After the first phase of crater formation, the gaps between the craters are compacted in a second phase to ensure uniform soil stability. The craters are then backfilled and further compacted, creating a load-bearing surface ready for construction.
“In their basic design, our duty-cycle cranes are extremely stable and robust specialist foundation engineering equipment designed for high dynamic loads,” said Fuchsa. This is clear to see in the solid steel construction components of the upper and undercarriages as well as the boom. On the other hand, highly robust and powerful diesel engines are built into Bauer’s MC duty-cycle cranes. The coordinated hydraulic system transfers this power to the hoists. “This alone makes Bauer’s duty-cycle cranes the optimal equipment for dynamic soil compaction.”
On the project in Kuwait, six BAUER MC 96 duty-cycle cranes are currently in use.
Dynamic soil compaction presents significant challenges for specialist foundation engineering equipment, particularly in projects of this scale and environment. In Kuwait, the sheer size of the area requiring compaction, coupled with tight project deadlines, necessitates 24/7 equipment operation. The desert environment adds further complications: extreme heat demands constant cooling to prevent equipment overheating, and pervasive sand poses a threat to machinery. To address these issues, protective measures, such as reinforced sealing and cooler guards, have been installed on the duty-cycle cranes to ensure reliable performance under harsh conditions.
“One of the major challenges when executing this method is to always roll the rope perfectly up and down into the groove of the hoist, otherwise there is excessive wear on the rope, which causes high costs for the operator,” said Fuchsa. “Bauer has developed and in some cases even patented several smart solutions for this problem which are unique features of the MC series. The active rope tightening system and the winding assistant should be mentioned here, they make the difference in daily operation compared to competing products.”
The UAE Economic Integration Committee, led by H.E. Abdulla bin Touq Al Marri, Minister of Economy, convened its first meeting for 2025, with participation from H.E. Alia Bint Abdulla Al Mazrouei, Minister of State for Entrepreneurship, and local economic department directors.
The meeting reviewed 2024’s achievements, including significant contributions to legislative reforms, economic diversification, and enhancing the country’s business and investment climate.
The UAE’s economic performance in 2024 showcased progress in innovation-led growth. Non-oil GDP grew by 4.4% during H1 2024 compared to the same period in 2023, with non-oil sectors contributing 75% of the GDP by mid-year. These achievements underscore the Committee’s role in fostering collaboration between federal and local entities to harmonise economic legislation and align policies with global standards.
IP laws
Key accomplishments include the development of five new laws and four economic policies targeting critical sectors such as consumer rights, corporate governance, cooperatives, and anti-money laundering (AML). Initiatives to enhance intellectual property (IP) protection and support family businesses were also highlighted, contributing to the UAE’s global competitiveness.
In 2024, the Committee established seven task forces to enhance economic cooperation, implemented 79 recommendations—over 98% of which were successfully executed—and supported the UAE’s removal from the Financial Action Taskforce (FATF) grey list by strengthening AML measures.
Looking ahead, the Committee plans to further develop the IP ecosystem through initiatives such as ‘Instablock’ for copyright protection and ‘IP Finance’ to help startups access funding using intangible assets. These efforts aim to position the UAE as a leader in innovation, supporting the ‘We the UAE 2031’ vision and bolstering its knowledge economy and emerging sectors.
The Sustainable Aviation Futures MENA Congress is set to take place from 10 - 12 February 2025 at the Emirates Palace Mandarin Oriental in Abu Dhabi.
This event will bring together policymakers, industry leaders, and stakeholders to explore advancements in sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) production and aviation decarbonisation within the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region.
A key highlight of the congress is its collaboration with the UAE General Civil Aviation Authority (GCAA) to launch the Global Sustainable Aviation Markets (GSAM).
This initiative aims to serve as a global platform to promote aviation decarbonisation and the scaling of SAF production worldwide.
Delegates can expect panel discussions, keynote addresses, and fireside chats delivered by over 100 expert speakers, alongside extensive networking opportunities with professionals in aviation, energy, and policymaking.
The congress will delve into crucial topics, such as the potential of Power-to-Liquid (PtL) and eFuels, the role of low-carbon aviation fuels (LCAF), and sustainable aviation fuels in advancing the energy transition.
It will also explore policies and incentives for sustainable fuel production in the MENA region, corporate sustainability strategies, and innovations in aircraft design and operations aimed at reducing emissions.
OQ, Oman’s integrated energy group, has launched Luban LL-8446.21, an advanced rotomoulding polymer aimed at addressing critical water storage challenges worldwide.
Debuting at Arabplast 2025, the polymer is engineered to produce durable water tanks and storage solutions, with a focus on communities in regions suffering from acute water shortages.
As water scarcity intensifies due to climate change and population growth, Luban LL-8446.21 offers a practical, long-term solution for creating resilient infrastructure. This LLDPE grade ensures durability and reliability, making it a vital resource for water-stressed areas globally.
Rotomoulded articles made from OQ Luban LL-8446.21 provide superior environmental stress crack resistance (ESCR) and weatherability, positioning them as a sustainable alternative to traditional materials. This advanced polymer is designed for durability, ensuring long-term performance even in harsh environmental conditions. It is particularly well-suited for critical applications such as water tanks and agricultural storage, offering reliable solutions for water security.
The material’s advanced processing features enable reduced cooking times during production, leading to significant energy savings for manufacturers. This not only enhances operational efficiency but also lowers the carbon footprint associated with production. Additionally, its lightweight and resource-efficient properties help conserve energy during manufacturing, transportation, and installation.
OQ’s Luban LL-8446.21, a versatile rotomoulding-grade polymer with over 100 global customer approvals, has earned a nomination for the 2024 OPAL Best Practices Award for addressing water and food security challenges. Beyond water tanks, the material is used in applications such as traffic barriers, consumer goods, and durable products. OQ continues to innovate with advanced material development to expand its application scope and enhance performance.
“Water scarcity remains one of the most pressing challenges of our time, and Luban LL-8446.21 reflects our commitment to addressing this issue with solutions that benefit communities and industries,” said Abdul Rahman Al Tamtami, Vice President of Global Marketing at OQ.
“This OPAL nomination showcases the strong impact of Luban LL-8446.21 on both our business and the industries it serves,” said Sadiq Al Lawati, Managing Director of Polymer Marketing at OQ. “It is a testament to our dedication to providing sustainable and high value solutions to our customers.”
Caterpillar, a leading manufacturer of construction and mining equipment, off-highway diesel and natural gas engines, industrial gas turbines and diesel-electric locomotives, is marking its 100th anniversary
Celebrations throughout the US will commemorate the momentous occasion when the company officially turns 100 on 15 April. This journey began when the Holt Manufacturing Company and the C.L. Best Tractor Co. merged to form what was then known as the Caterpillar Tractor Co. in 1925. From the company’s first track-type tractor designed to pull combine harvesters in Northern California to autonomous construction and mining equipment and engines that power the world today, Caterpillar products and services have helped its customers complete infrastructure projects that have shaped the modern world.
Caterpillar chairman and CEO Jim Umpleby, commented, “Our success over the last 100 years is a testament to the hard work and dedication of our employees, the continued trust of our customers and the support of our dealers and business partners. I am proud to lead such a strong team, and I’m confident Caterpillar will continue to help our customers build a better, more sustainable world over the next 100 years.”
The Centennial World Tour has now embarked on its journey to visit Caterpillar facilities around the world and provide an interactive and immersive experience for employees and visitors. The company is also commemorating the milestone with limited-edition ‘Centennial Grey’ painted machines available for purchase in 2025.
The Sabah Al Ahmad Sea City project in Kuwait's Al Khiran region is an engineering marvel. Unlike typical artificial developments in the Gulf that rely on land reclamation, this ambitious endeavour carved approximately 300 km of canals directly into the desert and filled them with seawater.
With a projected construction timeline of 46 years divided into ten phases, the project aims to create a city for 250,000 residents. Upon completion, it will include a comprehensive infrastructure network, utilities, and luxury buildings.
A major challenge for such a project is constructing stable structures on desert sand. Dynamic soil compaction has proven to be an effective solution for stabilising loose, non-cohesive desert soils. This method increases soil density and reduces the risk of liquefaction during earthquakes, making it ideal for desert conditions, according to Steffen Fuchsa, head of duty-cycle crane division at BAUER Maschinen GmbH.
How it works
Dynamic compaction involves dropping 25-tonne steel plates, called pounders, from a duty-cycle crane to compact the soil. These plates are hoisted into the air and dropped in controlled free-fall up to 15 times, creating craters and compacting deeper soil layers through kinetic energy. The process is fully automated, with operators inputting target parameters like compaction levels and impact counts into the crane’s intelligent control system.
After the first phase of crater formation, the gaps between the craters are compacted in a second phase to ensure uniform soil stability. The craters are then backfilled and further compacted, creating a load-bearing surface ready for construction.
“In their basic design, our duty-cycle cranes are extremely stable and robust specialist foundation engineering equipment designed for high dynamic loads,” said Fuchsa. This is clear to see in the solid steel construction components of the upper and undercarriages as well as the boom. On the other hand, highly robust and powerful diesel engines are built into Bauer’s MC duty-cycle cranes. The coordinated hydraulic system transfers this power to the hoists. “This alone makes Bauer’s duty-cycle cranes the optimal equipment for dynamic soil compaction.”
On the project in Kuwait, six BAUER MC 96 duty-cycle cranes are currently in use.
Dynamic soil compaction presents significant challenges for specialist foundation engineering equipment, particularly in projects of this scale and environment. In Kuwait, the sheer size of the area requiring compaction, coupled with tight project deadlines, necessitates 24/7 equipment operation. The desert environment adds further complications: extreme heat demands constant cooling to prevent equipment overheating, and pervasive sand poses a threat to machinery. To address these issues, protective measures, such as reinforced sealing and cooler guards, have been installed on the duty-cycle cranes to ensure reliable performance under harsh conditions.
“One of the major challenges when executing this method is to always roll the rope perfectly up and down into the groove of the hoist, otherwise there is excessive wear on the rope, which causes high costs for the operator,” said Fuchsa. “Bauer has developed and in some cases even patented several smart solutions for this problem which are unique features of the MC series. The active rope tightening system and the winding assistant should be mentioned here, they make the difference in daily operation compared to competing products.”
Genie has revamped its Tech Pro Training programme to provide a modern, user-centric learning platform designed to enhance technical skill development.
The updated system introduces a refreshed interface, personalised learning plans, progress tracking dashboards, and achievement badges, offering a more engaging and data-driven training experience.
The initial phase focuses on key technical areas, including engines, electrical systems, and hydraulics, alongside machine and model-specific reviews. Genie plans to expand the course library with specialised and advanced topics, ensuring users remain at the forefront of industry developments.
Users can access the platform by creating a new account and purchasing courses of interest. Once enrolled, they retain ongoing access to their courses and progress through their personalised login.
"Genie's goal is to make the experience better for users while expanding their knowledge and skill sets to further their career," said Luca Minelli, manager, Genie Global Learning Experience.
According to the Global EV Outlook 2024, in the first quarter of 2024, electric car sales saw an increase of approximately 25% compared to the same period in 2023 and it is predicted to see 17 million in sales by the end of 2024. EVs and hybrid vehicles (HEVs) are among the most talked-about new vehicle models.
While both options present fascinating alternatives to the traditional internal combustion engine (ICE) model cars, they also have distinct differences that potential buyers should understand before making their choice between Electric, Hybrid, or ICE.
Traditional ICE vehicles rely solely on engines powered by petrol or diesel and have been the standard for over a century, with familiarity, widespread availability, and well-established refueling infrastructure – from the network of service stations to more recent ‘fuel-delivery’ innovations like Cafu. The European Environment Agency confirms that while ICE vehicles generally offer long-range and quick refueling times, they produce higher emissions than EVs and HEVs.
Hybrid Vehicles (HEVs)
Hybrid vehicles (HEVs) combine an ICE model with an electric motor, which supports the engine in moving the car forward to deliver improved fuel efficiency. Traditional hybrids do not need to be plugged in to recharge them. Instead, it charges itself through regenerative braking and the internal combustion engine. So, while HEVs still use petrol, they use far less of it, making them a greener option. Hybrids also offer the flexibility of using petrol for longer trips while benefiting from electric power for shorter urban commutes.
Plug-In Hybrids (PHEVs)
Plug-In Hybrids are a step up from traditional hybrids. They work similarly, combining an engine with an electric motor. However, they have larger batteries that you can charge by plugging them in. This means they can run on electricity alone for short trips, and then switch to petrol for longer journeys, giving you the best of both worlds.
Electric Vehicles (EVs)
Electric Vehicles run entirely on electric motor and have zero tailpipe emissions, making them the most environment-friendly or sustainable form of driving. One of the most common fears about EVs is ‘range anxiety’ - the worry that the battery will run out of charge before reaching a destination. Fortunately, today’s EVs provide a substantial range per charge, with many models capable of travelling over 300 km on a single charge. Also helping to reduce that anxiety is the fact that across the Arabian Gulf, governments and the private sector are working together to increase the network of charging stations - making it easier than ever to find a point to recharge, whether at home, at work, or on the go.
Both EV and HEV batteries are designed to last for years, often exceeding the vehicle's lifespan – with many manufacturers offering 8-year battery warranties for increased peace of mind. Advancements in battery technology also drive down replacement costs, making long-term ownership more affordable.
Tips for choosing the right vehicle:
· Assess Your Driving Habits Consider your daily commute and long-distance travel needs. EVs are great for urban driving and short trips, while hybrids offer flexibility for longer journeys.
· Evaluate Charging Infrastructure Check the availability of charging stations in your area and whether you can access a home charger or recharge while you’re at work.
· Consider Maintenance Costs While EVs generally require less maintenance, hybrids might offer lower overall fuel costs compared to ICE vehicles.
· Test Drive Take the time to test drive different models of ICE, electric, and hybrid vehicles. Pay attention to how each vehicle handles, accelerates, and the overall driving experience to see which one suits you best.
· Long-Term Costs Factor in potential savings from EVs in terms of total cost of ownership, thanks to lower fuel costs, decreased maintenance, and other incentives for electric and hybrid vehicles.
This article was written by Marco Melani, managing director at Al-Futtaim Automotive – Trading Enterprises and DOMASCO. It has been slightly modified by the editors of Technical Review Middle East for brevity.