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Global momentum on energy efficiency is expected to accelerate in 2025, according to the International Energy Agency’s latest annual update, signalling renewed progress in an area seen as essential for strengthening energy security, boosting economic competitiveness and cutting both energy costs and emissions.

The IEA’s Energy Efficiency 2025 report shows that global primary energy intensity, the key metric used to measure improvements in energy efficiency, is projected to rise by 1.8% this year. This marks a notable increase from the 1% recorded in 2024.

Early estimates suggest that major economies including India and China are beginning to show signs of stronger improvement compared with their average performance since 2019.

Since 2019, global energy efficiency gains have been relatively weak, averaging just 1.3% annually, well below the roughly 2% per year recorded between 2010 and 2019.

“The acceleration in global progress on energy efficiency that we’re seeing in 2025 is encouraging, including positive signs in some major emerging economies. But our analysis shows that governments need to work even harder to ensure efficiency’s full range of benefits are enjoyed by as many people as possible,” said IEA Executive Director Fatih Birol. “Energy efficiency has the power to enhance people’s lives and livelihoods through greater energy security, more affordable bills, improved economic competitiveness and lower emissions.”

New challenges

Despite the improvement, the world remains far from achieving the goal set at COP28 in Dubai, where nearly 200 governments committed to doubling the global average annual rate of efficiency improvements to 4% by 2030.

The report highlights areas where policy action is gaining strength but also points to persistent challenges. Around two-thirds of global growth in final energy demand since 2019 has come from industry, a sector where efficiency improvements have slowed considerably.

In addition, policy development is often failing to keep pace with technological advances, particularly for appliances such as air conditioners. While wider access to air conditioning has improved comfort for millions, most units sold today are far less efficient than the best available models, driving up electricity use and household costs.

The IEA notes two key pathways for governments to accelerate progress: raising the ambition of existing policies, and closing policy gaps, especially in regions with fast-growing energy demand. For instance, around half of all countries still lack minimum efficiency standards for new buildings.

To support this effort, the IEA has updated its Energy Efficiency Progress Tracker with the latest regional data and expanded its Energy Efficiency Policy Toolkit with new case studies showcasing best practices from around the world.

The Emirates Nuclear Energy Company (ENEC), in partnership with the U.S. Department of Energy, has hosted two specialised workshops for representatives from Ghana and Poland’s nuclear energy organisations.

Held at both the Barakah Nuclear Energy Plant and in Abu Dhabi, the sessions offered practical insights drawn from the development and operation of the Barakah facility. The workshops focused on risk informed cybersecurity for new nuclear builds, along with the fundamentals of nuclear quality, regulatory frameworks and safety culture essential for emerging nuclear programmes.

Participants engaged in two core learning streams: “Nuclear Quality for Emerging Countries” and “Cybersecurity for Nuclear Power Generation: Lessons Learned from New Program Implementation”. Together, these sessions provided hands on guidance on establishing robust governance, meeting international standards and preparing safe, secure and efficient nuclear infrastructure.

The initiative builds on ENEC’s longstanding collaboration with the U.S. Department of Energy, which was strengthened in 2020 through a Memorandum of Understanding on energy cybersecurity. It also forms a key part of ENEC’s broader strategy to advance global knowledge sharing, support countries launching new nuclear programmes and promote opportunities for international partnership and investment.

By enabling new build nuclear nations to access proven expertise and advanced technologies, ENEC aims to help partners strengthen energy security, enhance sustainability and accelerate the responsible adoption of peaceful nuclear power.

The fossil fueld sector is responsible for approximately one third of total global methane emissions. (Image source: Adobe Stock)

The fossil-fuel sector offers the largest and most cost-effective opportunity for rapid methane abatement, according to the newly released Global Methane Status Report, launched on the sidelines of COP30 in Belém

Produced by the UN Environment Programme (UNEP) and the Climate and Clean Air Coalition (CCAC), the Global Methane Status Report assesses progress and remaining gaps in efforts to cut methane - a potent greenhouse gas responsible for nearly a third of current warming.

The report shows that although methane emissions are still rising, projected 2030 emissions under current legislation are already lower than earlier forecasts due to a mix of national policies, sectoral regulations, and market shifts. However, the report warns that only full-scale implementation of proven and available control measures will close the gap to the Global Methane Pledge’s target of a 30% cut from 2020 levels by 2030.

Urging decisive methane action to deliver the Global Methane Pledge, ministers attending the Global Methane Pledge Ministerial stressed that the policies, technologies, and partnerships needed to meet the target are available, but require rapid scale-up across the energy, agriculture, and waste sectors. Ministers also called for increased transparency from countries on ambition and action to track progress.

Julie Dabrusin, Canada’s Minister of Environment and Climate Change and Co-Convener of the Global Methane Pledge, said, “This report is a crucial assessment of our progress and a key indicator of the work that’s required to meet the Global Methane Pledge goal. In just four years, we have made improvements, but we must continue to drive faster, deeper methane cuts. Every tonne reduced brings us closer to cleaner air, more resilient communities, and a thriving global economy. It is important for all countries that have agreed to the Global Methane Pledge to continue to work closely together to drive momentum on methane mitigation, turning ambition into tangible benefits for the planet.”

The fossil-fuel sector is the second largest source of anthropogenic methane emissions, responsible for approximately one third of the global total. Under current legislation, emissions from the sector are expected to rise by 8% in 2050 compared to 2020. This sector presents the single greatest potential for rapid, cost-effective methane abatement, according to the report. These reductions could be achieved through readily available technologies and practices, often at low cost.

Since the launch of the GMP, methane abatement policies in the oil and gas sector have become more innovative and widespread, while voluntary initiatives such as the Oil and Gas Methane Partnership (OGMP) 2.0 now cover up to 45% of global oil and gas production.

The rate of policy development and country participation, however, still fall short of what is needed to achieve the 2030 targets. Implementation and enforcement must also be strengthened.

The recent adoption of novel approaches, such as the European Union import standard, offers the potential to use the market to mitigate methane in oil and gas sector more rapidly at the global scale.

Bridging the methane policy gap in the fossil fuel sector calls for strong implementation of existing policies, continuous capacity building, increased ambition from additional producing countries, ramped up technical support and innovative financial mechanisms to facilitate mitigation in developing countries.

Key measures recommended include:


• enhancing monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) systems across all fossil fuel operations
• expanding the use of direct measurement protocols and corroborated satellite data which could improve the accuracy and transparency of inventories
• expanding leak detection and repair (LDAR) programmes in oil and gas, which not only help reduce leaks but also enhance data quality for inventories and enhance workplace safety and asset integrity;
• ensuring proper sealing techniques during well closure, given methane emissions from abandoned wells can continue for decades after activities cease;
• strengthening enforcement mechanisms with the establishment of clear accountability structures, penalties for non-compliance and independent oversight;
• facilitating access to finance and capacity building;
• harnessing import standards as market leverage, creating a clear incentive for producing countries to adopt stronger mitigation practices; and
• leveraging international and bilateral frameworks for capacity and alignment.

The CoolCenter Immersion system utilises immersion cooling technology. (Image credit: Vertiv)

Vertiv, a global provider of critical digital infrastructure and continuity solutions, has unveiled the Vertiv CoolCenter Immersion cooling system, further expanding its worldwide liquid cooling portfolio

The new system is designed to support artificial intelligence (AI) and high-performance computing (HPC) environments that demand advanced heat management. It is now available across Europe, the Middle East, and Africa (EMEA).

The CoolCenter Immersion system utilises immersion cooling technology, where entire servers are submerged in a dielectric liquid. This approach ensures efficient and even heat removal across all components, especially in high-power applications where conventional air cooling is no longer sufficient. As a complete liquid-cooling solution, the system provides reliable heat management for dense computing loads ranging from 25 kW to 240 kW per unit.

“Immersion cooling is playing an increasingly important role as AI and HPC deployments push thermal limits far beyond what conventional systems can handle,” said Sam Bainborough, EMEA vice-president of thermal business at Vertiv. “With the Vertiv CoolCenter Immersion, we’re applying decades of liquid-cooling expertise to deliver fully engineered systems that handle extreme heat densities safely and efficiently, giving operators a practical path to scale AI infrastructure without compromising reliability or serviceability.”

The Vertiv CoolCenter Immersion comes in various configurations, including self-contained and multi-tank setups, offering cooling capacities from 25 kW to 240 kW. Each system integrates an internal or external tank, coolant distribution unit (CDU), temperature sensors, variable-speed pumps, and fluid piping to ensure precise temperature control and consistent performance.

Built for dependability, the system features dual power supplies and redundant pumps for continuous operation. Integrated monitoring sensors, a 9-inch touchscreen, and building management system (BMS) connectivity enhance operational visibility and ease of use. Additionally, its design allows for heat reuse, supporting energy-efficient facility management and aligning with sustainability objectives.

Vertiv’s Liquid Cooling Services deliver end-to-end expertise, encompassing design, installation, maintenance, training, and lifecycle optimisation. The portfolio covers rear-door heat exchangers, direct-to-chip, and immersion cooling technologies, ensuring scalable, efficient, and reliable thermal management solutions tailored for AI, HPC, and other high-density computing environments.

The Cat G3520 Fast Response natural-gas generator set. (Image source: Caterpillar)

Caterpillar has unveiled a 3.1 MW power node for the Cat G3520 Fast Response natural-gas generator set, marking the company’s largest single-unit output with fast-response capability.

The launch enhances Caterpillar’s offering for grid-connected and microgrid projects, supporting both standby and demand response applications.

The Cat G3520 Fast Response generator set is designed for critical operations where continuous power is essential. It offers key advantages, such as diesel-like performance that significantly reduces downtime and enables customers to join utility-sponsored demand response programmes, creating new opportunities for cost savings and revenue generation.

Built for reliability and speed, the generator set can start and accept load from a cold start in under 10 seconds, meeting NFPA 110 standards for dependable emergency power. This rapid performance ensures operational continuity for essential facilities such as hospitals, data centres, emergency service hubs and high-occupancy buildings. It is available for both 50 and 60 Hz applications, offering flexibility for global markets.

Key features

In addition to ensuring power reliability, the Cat G3520 Fast Response also delivers financial advantages. Customers can participate in demand and emergency response programmes that reward users for reducing or shifting power consumption during peak times. These benefits can be further enhanced through integration with Caterpillar’s Distributed Energy Resource Management System (DERMS), such as Cat AMP, which automates programme enrolment and verifies participation in real time to maximise economic returns.

“Our fast-response natural-gas generator sets deliver unique performance, comparable to the start-up and load acceptance of diesel-fueled power solutions,” said Melissa Busen, senior vice president for Caterpillar’s Electric Power Division. “This new 3.1 MW power node supports our customers’ energy resilience in critical power applications.”

The new model expands Caterpillar’s line of natural-gas power solutions with fast-response capabilities, built upon the proven Cat 3500 engine platform, trusted worldwide for its durability and performance. Caterpillar now offers seven 60 Hz standby power nodes ranging from 500 kW to 3.1 MW, all certified by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for both emergency and non-emergency applications. The company also provides 2.5 MW and 3.1 MW models for 50 Hz operating environments, further strengthening its global portfolio of high-performance power systems.

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